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Navigating the Design Space of Heterostructures

A DOE BES Computational Materials Sciences (CMS) project with the aim of producing widely applicable, validated public-access community codes and associated databases to enable science-based predictive design and discovery of functional materials.

Partner Institutions: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the University of Washington (UW)

Sponsor: The U.S. Department of Energy's Basic Energy Sciences Computational Materials Sciences (DOE BES CMS) program.

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Welcome to HeteroFAM

At the cutting edge of materials research, HeteroFAM is a joint Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and University of Washington (UW) project designed to revolutionize the modeling, discovery, and understanding of complex material systems. By integrating advanced computational tools, machine learning, and automation, HeteroFAM enables breakthroughs in areas such as moiré materials, correlated electron physics and emergent quantum phenomena, and magnetic materials.

Rooted in the three-pillared modeling framework, HeteroFAM bridges first principles, empirical insights, and scalable workflows to tackle the scientific challenges of the 21st century.

Three-Pillared Modeling Framework

The three-pillared modeling framework is the backbone of the HeteroFAM project, combining three core approaches to tackle the most challenging problems in materials science, from moiré materials to quantum systems. These pillars—analytic models, data-driven models, and automation—work together seamlessly to provide a comprehensive and adaptable strategy for discovery.

1. Analytic Models (Rationalism)

Rooted in fundamental physical laws, analytic models are the cornerstone of the framework, offering mechanistic insights derived from quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and classical mechanics. These models provide a deep understanding of the intrinsic behaviors of systems and enable reliable predictions based on first principles.

While analytic models often operate at the fundamental level, they can integrate phenomenological elements to address emergent phenomena and computational challenges across scales, particularly in multi-scale frameworks.

HeteroFAM’s Contributions:

  • Advancing quantum mechanical models to accurately describe electronic interactions in materials, including moiré systems and transition metal oxides.
  • Integrating first-principles simulations with phenomenological multi-scale models to explore complex, emergent behaviors such as high-temperature superconductivity, bridging quantum-scale phenomena with macroscopic properties.

2. Data-Driven Models (Empiricism)

Informed by the philosophy of empiricism, data-driven models utilize machine learning and statistical techniques to extract patterns and relationships from large datasets. These models are indispensable for exploring systems where analytical models may be computationally expensive or difficult to implement.

HeteroFAM’s Contributions:

  • Training machine learning models to uncover hidden correlations in experimental data, enabling rapid discovery of new materials and correlated states.
  • Automating the analysis of materials properties, optimizing design spaces based on both theoretical and experimental datasets.

3. Automation (Pragmatism)

With the pragmatic goal of enabling scalable, efficient, and reproducible research, automation integrates the analytic and data-driven pillars into dynamic, adaptable workflows. Automation enhances productivity by handling repetitive tasks, optimizing parameters, and seamlessly managing multi-scale simulations.

HeteroFAM’s Contributions:

  • Creating high-throughput workflows that combine analytic and data-driven models, accelerating the discovery of new materials and quantum phases.
  • Employing optimization algorithms, genetic algorithms, and AI-driven co-pilots to automate decision-making and improve efficiency in the exploration of complex systems.

Together, these three pillars create a robust framework that balances fundamental understanding with practical data applications and scalable automation. This holistic approach enables HeteroFAM to solve some of the most pressing challenges in modern materials science.

Get Involved

    HeteroFAM invites collaboration with researchers across disciplines. Whether you’re exploring moiré materials, advancing reaction networks, or tackling quantum magnetism, our platform and expertise are here to support your work.

Key Focus Areas

  • Thrust 1: Machine Learning Workflows for Correlated and Topological Moiré Systems

    Moiré materials, formed by stacking and twisting 2D layers with mismatched lattice constants, have emerged as a platform for discovering correlated electron states and topological phases. These systems exhibit highly tunable properties, such as superconductivity, magnetism, and exotic quantum phenomena.

    HeteroFAM’s Contributions:

    • Developing machine learning workflows that analyze electronic interactions and band structures in moiré systems.
    • Automating the discovery of new correlated and topological states by integrating high-throughput data with advanced computational models.
    • Enabling rapid exploration of parameter spaces, such as twist angles, external fields, and layer alignments.

  • Thrust 2: Prototype Development for Correlated Electron Physics and Emergent States

    Understanding the physics of strongly correlated electrons is critical for discovering correlated electron states and topological phases and designing materials with unique quantum properties.

    HeteroFAM’s Contributions:

    • Creating prototypes to study emergent states in correlated materials, including:
      • Complex spin configurations
      • Quantum critical points
      • Novel magnetic phases
    • Build and refine next-generation models to understand and reliably predict complex quantum behaviors from first principles.
    • Reinforce and validate machine learning and AI-driven workflows while bridging the gap between theory and experiment.

  • Thrust 3: AI-Driven Expert System for Spin Configurations in Transition Metal Oxides

    Transition metal oxides are key materials for applications in energy, catalysis, and spintronics. Their complex spin configurations present both challenges and opportunities for material design.

    HeteroFAM’s Contributions:

    • Designing an AI-driven expert system to predict and optimize spin configurations in transition metal oxides.
    • Integrating first-principles calculations with data-driven approaches to uncover trends in magnetic and electronic behaviors.
    • Streamlining workflows to design materials with specific magnetic properties for quantum computing and energy storage applications.

Tools and Technologies

  • Advanced Algorithms:

    HeteroFAM leverages state-of-the-art computational algorithms to enhance the precision and efficiency of its modeling workflows. This includes genetic algorithms, machine learning techniques, and optimization frameworks designed to tackle complex problems in materials science.

  • Computational Platforms:

    Utilizing cutting-edge computational platforms such as quantum computing and exascale computing systems enables HeteroFAM to perform large-scale simulations and handle computationally intensive tasks effectively, driving forward the boundaries of scientific research.

  • EMSL Arrows:

    EMSL Arrows acts as the workflow engine behind HeteroFAM, integrating various modeling approaches and facilitating seamless collaboration across different research teams. This web-based platform ensures that complex simulations are accessible and manageable.

Timeline of Key Activities

Show/Hide Project Features and Mission

HeteroFAM Acronym Meaning: Heterostructures, Functionality, Advanced Modeling

HeteroFAM refers to a project or research initiative focused on the modeling and functional study of heterostructures to explore their advanced functionalities.

Key Features

Revolutionize materials design and discovery by integrating advanced computational methodologies and machine learning (ML) techniques. Leverage first-principles computational tools, higher-level methods, and advanced AI algorithms tools to enable rational, hypothesis-driven exploration of 2D heterostructures Our platform integrates the latest in computational advancements to provide seamless access to high-performance computing environments.

Our Mission

The mission of the Navigating the Design Space of Heterostructures (HeteroFAM) project is to revolutionize materials science by advancing the computational modeling and design of two-dimensional (2D) materials and transition metal oxides. Leveraging exascale computing, machine learning, and advanced electronic structure methods, the project aims to explore and optimize the properties of complex heterostructures. It focuses on developing tools to enable the rapid discovery of novel materials with enhanced functionalities, with the goal to foster innovation in next-generation technologies. Through community engagement, open software development, and user-friendly interfaces, the project strives to make cutting-edge computational tools accessible to researchers across diverse disciplines, thereby accelerating progress in materials science and engineering.

Sponsor

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Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Basic Energy Sciences Computational Materials Sciences (DOE BES CMCSN) program.

Show/Hide Work Plan

Work Plan: Navigating the Design Space of Heterostructures

1. Overview of Key Phases

The project is divided into three major thrusts that will progress over two years:

  • Thrust 1: Machine Learning (ML) workflows to discover new correlated and topological moiré systems.
  • Thrust 2: Prototype development for studying correlated electron physics and emergent states.
  • Thrust 3: AI-driven expert system for spin configurations in transition metal oxides.

2. Year 1: Planning, Development, and Initial Modeling

2.1 Thrust 1: Building ML Workflows

Objective: Develop and test initial machine learning models for predicting the properties of correlated and topological moiré systems.

  • Tasks:
    • Q1-Q2: Define key datasets from ab initio calculations for training ML models.
    • Q3: Train preliminary models on smaller datasets to test the robustness of predictions.
    • Q4: Optimize ML algorithms for higher accuracy and begin identifying new candidate materials.
  • Milestones:
    • Completion of dataset preparation.
    • Initial ML model validation on small datasets.

2.2 Thrust 2: Prototype Development for COVOs-QFlow

Objective: Design and build a prototype of COVOs-QFlow for studying correlated electron physics in 2D materials.

  • Tasks:
    • Q1-Q2: Define system architecture and user requirements for COVOs-QFlow.
    • Q3: Begin coding the initial prototype with basic functionality.
    • Q4: Test the prototype on simple 2D material systems and assess output accuracy.
  • Milestones:
    • Prototype v1.0 ready for testing.
    • Initial validation on basic systems.

2.3 Thrust 3: AI System for Spin Configurations

Objective: Develop a framework for an AI-driven system to predict spin configurations in transition metal oxides.

  • Tasks:
    • Q1: Literature review and identification of existing data for spin configurations.
    • Q2-Q3: Design the architecture of the AI model.
    • Q4: Build and test the model on simple oxides.
  • Milestones:
    • AI model framework ready.
    • Initial testing on small datasets completed.

3. Year 2: Optimization, Scaling, and Outreach

3.1 Thrust 1: Scaling ML Workflows

Objective: Scale the ML models and workflows to handle more complex 2D materials and moiré systems.

  • Tasks:
    • Q1: Scale up the dataset to include larger and more complex material systems.
    • Q2: Refine the ML algorithms to improve prediction speed and accuracy.
    • Q3: Begin predicting the properties of new 2D materials.
    • Q4: Publish findings on predicted new materials.
  • Milestones:
    • Scaled ML model validated.
    • Identification of new candidate materials.

3.2 Thrust 2: Finalizing COVOs-QFlow

Objective: Enhance the functionality of COVOs-QFlow and integrate advanced features.

  • Tasks:
    • Q1-Q2: Add advanced functionality for localized state predictions.
    • Q3: Validate the tool with real-world data from experimental studies.
    • Q4: Release COVOs-QFlow to the broader research community and begin documentation for users.
  • Milestones:
    • Finalized version of COVOs-QFlow.
    • Full integration with DOE HPC systems.
    • Outreach for researchers to adopt the tool.

3.3 Thrust 3: Optimizing AI for Spin Configurations

Objective: Extend and refine the AI system for larger oxide systems.

  • Tasks:
    • Q1-Q2: Optimize the AI model for predicting spin configurations in complex oxide systems.
    • Q3: Validate the system using experimental data and benchmarks.
    • Q4: Publish results and release the tool for use by the wider materials science community.
  • Milestones:
    • Validated AI tool for oxide spin configurations.
    • Publication and dissemination of results.

4. Risk Management

  • Key Risks:
    • Dataset inadequacy for training ML models.
    • Technical challenges in scaling COVOs-QFlow for larger systems.
    • Difficulty in obtaining accurate experimental data for validation.
  • Mitigation:
    • Use DOE HPC resources for rapid dataset expansion and model optimization.
    • Collaborate with experimentalists for timely data sharing.
    • Regular cross-team reviews to address challenges early.

5. Verification, Validation, and Software Integration

  • Verification: Regular testing of models and tools on benchmark systems to ensure accuracy.
  • Validation: Comparing predictions with experimental results.
  • Integration: Ensure that all tools (ML workflows, COVOs-QFlow, AI system) are compatible with DOE’s High-Performance Computing (HPC) facilities.

6. Outreach and Community Engagement

  • Objective: Engage with the broader research community and promote diversity, equity, and inclusion.
  • Tasks:
    • Develop outreach programs targeting underrepresented groups in computational material sciences.
    • Host workshops and webinars to train new users on the tools developed (COVOs-QFlow, AI system).
    • Collaborate with universities and national labs for broader dissemination of research findings.

7. Timeline of Key Activities

Quarter Thrust 1: ML Workflows Thrust 2: COVOs-QFlow Thrust 3: AI Spin Configurations Milestones
Year 1 Dataset preparation (Q1-Q2)
Initial ML model training (Q3-Q4)
Define architecture (Q1-Q2)
Prototype development (Q3)
Literature review (Q1-Q2)
AI framework design (Q3-Q4)
Initial prototypes for all thrusts by Q4
Year 2 Scaling ML models (Q1-Q3)
Predict new materials (Q4)
Advanced functionality (Q1-Q3)
Release to the community (Q4)
Optimizing AI for complex oxides (Q1-Q2)
Publish results and tool (Q4)
Full validation of models and tools by Q4
Show/Hide Software

Software Used in the Project

Software Description Link
NWChemEx PWDFT NWChemEx is an exascale version of NWChem. It integrates ML techniques and physical simulation workflows to enhance scalability and performance for computational materials design. NWChemEx PWDFT GitHub Repository
Sella Utility for finding first-order saddle points and minima on potential energy surfaces (PESs). Sella GitHub Repository
COVOS A tool used in the project, with further details to be provided as development progresses. Not Available
EMSL Arrows A web application that uses NWChem and chemical computational databases for materials and chemical modeling, supporting free energy methods and surface generation. EMSL Arrows
NWChem An electronic structure theory package that implements various DFT functionals and enhancements for optimizers and beyond-DFT methods. NWChem GitHub Repository
NWChem GW (Gaussian Method) Gaussian GW (GW approximation for electronic structure calculations) added to NWChem for accurate electronic properties calculations in molecular systems. NWChem GW on GitHub
Siesta A density-functional theory (DFT) program used for ab initio molecular simulations of molecules and solids. It will be used in parallel computations to validate machine learning workflows. Siesta GitHub Repository
ExaChem A tool focused on many-body methods and exascale hybrid MPI-GPU algorithms for computational chemistry. ExaChem GitHub Repository
ExaLearn A tool that integrates machine learning techniques into computational material science workflows. Not Available


This software service and its documentation were developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract Number DE-AC05-76RL01830. Support for this work was provided by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Computational Materials Sciences (DOE BES CMCSN) program. THE SOFTWARE SERVICE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE SERVICE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE SERVICE.

Keywords: quantum chemistry calculations - quantum chemistry computations - quantum chemistry - molecular modeling calculations - molecular modeling computations - molecular modeling - chemical modeling - chemical reactions calculations - chemical reactions computations - chemical reactions - NWChem calculations - computational chemistry - NWChem

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